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Quantification of cytokines and soluble factors released from immune cells such as B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, microglia, neutrophils, NK cells, T cells and othersELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) provide a cost-effective way to quantify levels of cytokines, chemokines and other soluble readouts, in culture supernatants, plasma, or serum. Assays are often applied to screening and charactersation studies, as well as for biomarker development. Sample data below shows the IL-1β (cytokine) response of human microglia to a stimulus, and subsequent inhibition by an antagonist.
Assays may be suitable for the quantification of levels of BDNF, CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL10, EGF, FGF-2, GM-CSF, HGF, IFNa, IFNg, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-31, NGF, PDGF, SDF-1α, TGFβ, TNFα, TNFβ, VEGF, and others, in a range of samples including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. |